Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens, such as viruses or bacteria. When a person receives a vaccine, a harmless part of the pathogen like a weakened or inactivated version, or even just a protein is introduced into the body. This triggers the immune system to respond by producing antibodies and activating special immune cells that remember the invader. If the real virus or bacteria later enters the body, the immune system can quickly recognize and destroy it before it causes illness.
This process of building immunity without causing disease is what makes vaccines such a powerful tool in preventing infections. Thanks to widespread vaccination, diseases like polio, measles, and smallpox have been greatly reduced or even eradicated in some parts of the world. Vaccines not only protect individuals but also contribute to "herd immunity," helping protect those who cannot be vaccinated due to age or medical conditions. Understanding how vaccines work can help people make informed decisions about their health and public safety. Shutdown123